Designing a Team Strategy. Teaming Up for a Worthy Project Essay

Structuring a Team Strategy. Collaborating for a Worthy Project - Essay Example For example, if the character of An is outgoing and B is withdrawn, An ought to have the option to utilize that connecting with character to inspire B out to open up, while keeping it tamer so B won't be overpowered. Then again, B will simply need to connect somewhat more to make sure she gets the chance to interface with An as a trade off. That is generally the elements of attempting to coexist with others. In doing as such, increasingly gainful connections result and there is greater probability of shared objectives being accomplished. This paper will examine how groups can function all the more viably as per a few hypotheses and considering members’ character profiles as dissected from the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. The group venture to be talked about is the association of a proposition to be introduced for offering for a unique occasion. The group is made out of five people with differing foundations and aptitudes. The individuals are entrusted to take a shot at arranging a class workshop on Work-Life Balance for center administration. The assigned pioneer of the gathering has worked with different organizations and has built up his system of solid asset individuals that he can welcome as speakers for the class. Beside the pioneer, the group is made out of a bookkeeper, a mother, a craftsman and a specialist. The colleagues all work for an occasions the executives organization. Working in Groups Collaborative work can achieve bunch process gains just as gathering process misfortunes (Thatcher and de la Cour, 2003). Gathering process picks up are sure results gotten from working with different individuals. One such increase is the arrangement of cooperative energy or a gathering part being innovatively invigorated by different individuals. Different advantages of working in bunches are the productive trade of thoughts and data, introduction to various perspectives, assortment of target input and a large group of other learning impacts. I n any case, gatherings may not generally be as compelling true to form, and gathering process misfortunes nullify the positive results of gathering process gains. Predominance is one such gathering process’ drawback (Hiltz et al, 1986). This is on the grounds that in bunches conversations, just a single individual can talk at once and this may shut out, overlook, disregard or not give enough time other members’ thoughts if the speaker is prevailing. Diehle and Stoebe (1991) additionally distinguish assessment worry, which is the dread of individuals to be adversely assessed by different individuals when they become progressively dynamic and noticeable in the gathering cooperation. Social loafing may then be the outcome. This happens when an individual part feels less slanted to partake in the desire that his endeavors may not stand any kind of test with the gathering. At last, free-riding is another gathering procedure misfortune. This happens when a gathering member f eels that his commitment might be unnecessary (Barry and Stewart, 1997). Thus, he diminishes his interest to simply obliging the lion's share and apply less exertion in contributing his offer. Thatcher and de la Cour (2003) distinguish more gathering process misfortunes that gatherings ought to be careful about so as to be progressively successful. These are intellectual inactivity or stalling out in regular examples of thought and schedule; data over-burden or thinking of such a large number of thoughts that emphasis on the principle target might be lost; and unnecessary mingling, that brief period is left for genuine

Drifters/Love is the Devil by Dirty Beaches free essay sample

At the point when I consider Alex Hungtais fill in as Dirty Beaches, two things ring a bell: the film â€Å"Mulholland Drive† by David Lynch and a raggedy man in a cowhide coat strolling the roads of an obscure city. This twofold collection is an ideal portrayal of these two. The principal collection, â€Å"Drifters,† is to some degree a reverence to Wong Kar Wei and the vagabond way of life. I get the substance of a man who is going from bar to bar, town to town, smoking a cigarette and playing a guitar as he strolls to his next goal. The tunes â€Å"Night Walk,† â€Å"I Dream in Neon,† and â€Å"Casino Lisboa† all have incredibly appealing songs that appear to venture into forever. As I stroll to get my train in the first part of the day, I frequently end up murmuring â€Å"Night Walk,† tapping my feet to the beat. These three melodies are a decent spot to begin on the off chance that you are simply getting into Hungtais thick inventory of lo-fi chronicles. We will compose a custom paper test on Wanderers/Love is the Devil by Dirty Beaches or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The more you tune in, the more you begin to comprehend what Dirty Beaches is doing. He isn't attempting to make a â€Å"album† by todays guidelines. His music is too artistic to ever be set in a stone or jazz area of a music store. Hungtais point is to make a reasonable soundtrack. His music fits more into film classes than music types. As we polish off â€Å"Drifters† on a miserable and forlorn note, the more test and odd collection begins to play, â€Å"Love Is the Devil.† The main track, â€Å"Woman,† quickly gives me an uncomfortable inclination that develops as I tune in. The snappiness is supplanted with a considerably all the more arresting experience. The thoughts that go into this collection appear to be direct: a man cherishes a lady however realizes he should leave her, much the same as everything else in his life. Its essential when attempting to clarify it through the English language, yet as Hungtai knows, music can make it all the additionally fascinating, particularly when you have a showy point of view. This collection is so acceptable and just continues showing signs of improvement. The lo-fi recording quality scaffolds these two particular collections  ­together, making an artful culmination.

Writing Consultant of the Year, Emily Churchill Richmond Writing

Writing Consultant of the Year, Emily Churchill Richmond Writing This year, as we have done annually for a long time, the faculty recognize a graduating Senior who has impressed us with the assistance provide to student writers. Emily Churchill has an additional honor: she received three simultaneous nominations from the faculty shes assisted, a record in our programs history. Emily is from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, with majors in LALIS Global Studies, and a minor in Women, Gender, and Sexuality studies. She was first recommended to be a writing consultant by Dr. Aurora Hermida-Ruiz when she was a student in her FYS section, Time the City of Seville. That summer, she had the opportunity to travel with Dr. Herimda-Ruiz to Seville for five weeks on a summer study abroad program.   Dr. Stephen Long in Political Science and Dr. Olivier Delers in The Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures also nominated Emily for work in their classes. Throughout her time at Richmond, Emily studied abroad a total of six times, including two summers in Seville, a summer in Morocco, an academic year in Granada, Spain, a civic fellowship in Ecuador, and a one-week trip to Santiago, Chile with Dr. Pribbles Latin American Politics class.   On campus, she served as the Study Abroad Peer Advisor in addition to serving as a Writing Consultant. As she told me, Both positions have allowed me to mentor underclassmen and form lasting connections with the Richmond community.    My long-term plan is to take a few years to travel, do research, and work in NGOs before pursuing a PhD in Hispanic Studies. I hope to write fiction in addition to producing academic research throughout my career. This summer she will be working in San Isidro, Costa Rica with the organization, Amigos de las Americas, which provides service-learning trips for high school students.   I want to congratulate Emily for her hard work and thank all the Consultants and Faculty who were nominated and who will return to campus to work with student writing again in the Fall.

The Different Roles Of The Accounting Profession - 1305 Words

The Different Roles of the Accounting Profession Module by: Link-Systems International, Inc.. E-mail the author Summary: Demo/Sample Learning Object in Accounting Note: You are viewing an old style version of this document. The new style version is available here. Links [hide links] Supplemental links Weakly related linkThe Salvation Army Weakly related linkAmazon.com Weakly related linkGoogle Weakly related linkTwitter Weakly related linkVerizon Weakly related linkJPMorgan Chase Bank Weakly related linkFASB Weakly related linkSarbanes-Oxley Act Weakly related linkPCAOB Weakly related linkKPMG Peat Marwick Weakly related linkGrant Thornton†¦show more content†¦The bank uses the information to learn about the health of an organization. Is the organization profitable? Does the organization make enough money to repay the loan? Are bills paid on time? Organizations provide external financial information in two main reports: an annual report and the Form 10-K. The annual report is a summary of an organization’s financial results for the year with its current financial condition and future plans. The annual report is available from the website of most businesses. The Form 10-K is an annual report form businesses file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) agency of the US Government. Financial reports in the US must be completed according to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as determined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). In addition, the US Government passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) in the aftermath of unethical accounting practices at large corporations, such as Enron and WorldCom. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act created additional accounting regulations for large companies and the PCAOB overseas the American Institute of CertifiedShow MoreRelatedEffects of Technology on Accounting Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesEffects Of technology On the Accounting Profession The accounting profession has experienced many different changes and as well as a tremendous amount of growth over the past century. (Schaefer, 1998) Its unfortunate that due to unethical accounting practices there has been an increased need for advanced technology of accounting systems in order to better monitor what is going on with organizations. The need for real time reports and financial information at the click of a button seemsRead MoreThe Role Of Accounting And Possible Future Of Accountancy Profession992 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Traditionally, accounting has a role to play in preparing financial reports, and tax preparation manually (Zodage, 2015). According to World Report’s Best Jobs (2014, cited in Hood (2014)), the accountancy was recognised as the third rank of the best professionals, and it is one in all careers having high demand (Hood, 2014). Nevertheless, the business practices and the environment have continuously changed and reshaped aspects of the accountancy profession (Wolters Kluwer, 2014). SomeRead MoreCorporate Accounting Firms Became A Tremendous Profit Generator1045 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1960s to 1970s, large public accounting firms expanded to become consulting services rather than traditional audit and tax services. The consulting field grew so rapidly that it became a tremendous profit generator. New hires in these consulting services usually did not have backgrounds or degrees in accounting. Firms were not requiring new hires to take six weeks of intensive accounting cours es and being a CPA was no longer a preference, which was very different than it used to be. The consequencesRead MoreCareer in Accounting1577 Words   |  7 PagesCareers in Accounting One of the major careers being practiced today is accountancy. Thousands of people are completing their degrees in accounting because there seems to be a bright future for accountants with the appropriate qualifications. Accountants, in their career, help ensure that the organizations are running more efficiently, public records are kept more accurately, and taxes are paid properly and on time. They perform important functions by offering a wide volume of business and accountingRead MoreExposure of the Accounting Profession to Increasing Liability1701 Words   |  7 Pages|Francis Marion University | |Exposure of the Accounting Profession To Increasing Liability | |Response of the Profession | | Read MoreWhy Accountants Are Important For The Future Of Accountants And How Will Accountants Adapt Themselves With Changing Needs?963 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Accountants play a very pivotal role in the success of all businesses as they are deemed to be foundation of business interactions (Malley, 2015). Being professional accountants they have expertise which helps them provide quality service and advice on business matters. They increase value of business by implementing accounting systems and rules required by any particular business and area. Increased business profitability is another factor for which accountants are important driversRead MoreThe Role Of The Accounting Profession And The Value Of The Cpa1233 Words   |  5 PagesAccountants play an important role in the world of business. The article, â€Å"The Future of the Accounting Profession and the Value of the CPA.†, illustrates the importance of the accounting profession and the challenges that accountants face. With over ten years of experience working in the areas of finance and office management, I have personal experience with various influences in the accounting world that were discussed in the article. This includes topics such as technological advancements, theRead MoreAccounting as a Career for High School Presentation1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe profession of accounting includes many different job settings. The main fields for accounting include public, private, and government accounting. Public accountants work on a fee for service basis, either independently or as a member of an accounting firm. They are then hired by individuals or businesses for the purposes of preparing financial statements, auditing, tax preparation, and investigations. (1) Private accountants are employed by companies, for which they develop and maintain theRead MoreEssay on The Three Main Accounting Professions1023 Words   |  5 Pages This report is on the three main accounting professions. I will be talking about CA, CGA and CMA and what they do for a living. These three accounting professions may seem the same but I will be explaining how they a re different. I will discuss all of these details in my report. I’ll start off talking about the roles and duties of these three accounting professions. A Chartered Accountant’s role or purpose is â€Å"providing professional advice, aiming to maximise profitability on behalf ofRead MoreAmerican Institute Of Certified Public Accountants1179 Words   |  5 PagesPublic Accountants (AICPA), was founded in the United States of America. The professional organization was founded in 1887, to help ensure that the accounting profession will gain the same respect as the other prestigious occupations have received from the public. The accounting profession, similar to the medical, legal, and engineering profession, is characterized by â€Å"†¦rigorous educational requirements [150 credit hours], high professional standards, a strict code of professional ethics, licensing

Inflation Price Level - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2016 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? When we consider inflation, which describes the general increase in the aggregate price level, we usually associate this with a monetary policy as the remedial measure. In the past governments were usually the sole body that were in charge of maintaining a sustained inflation rate. However, over the past 50 years there seems to have been a movement in most western countries towards fashioning anti-inflationary policy to an independent central bank. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inflation Price Level" essay for you Create order This results in the central bank being able to use interest rates to maintain the level of inflation in the economy without any political interference. Countries such as Germany Switzerland have adopted this path and have given their central banks the full independence to control inflation and whilst the UK has adopted this methodology, they have not fully reached the level independence in their structure. We will discuss further the implications of this switchover and how it may enhance the credibility of the monetary policy, we use monetary policy as good target in our discussion because the policy attribute we care about cannot directly measure credibility but maps directly into a policy outcome we can measure, inflation which seems to give a good indication on credibility. Firstly, it is necessary for us to consider what inflation is and why it may be a problem for governments or an economy? Inflation measures the annual rate of change of the general price level in the economy . Inflation is a sustained increase in the average price level of goods and services. We focus here on the overall level of prices throughout the economy rather than prices in one particular market or industry. The stem of the problem can have negative implications for the economy as a whole. If inflation is low, the effects may be small. But in periods of high inflation, known as hyperinflation, the negative effects will cripple an economy, a common problem associated is uncertainty this occurs when future prices are unknown, making it difficult to plan investment and consumption decisions. The problem of inflation can be limited by the effective use of monetary policy which involves changing the base rate of interest to influence the rate of growth of aggregate demand, the money supply and ultimately price inflation. Monetarist economists advocate that monetary policy is a more powerful weapon than fiscal policy in controlling inflation. So who should take the responsibility of implementing and maintaining a low inflation? The government is good candidate for the role as they have a general prediction of where the economy is heading and therefore is able to set targets which coincides with other economic objectives. However, handing the monetary policy to an independent central bank will give the entity the responsibility of maintaining the stability of the national currency and money supply. The idea of the changeover is to enhance the social implications and trustworthiness of the monetary policy this changeover would result in a better move for society. We will show some of the benefits of having an independent central bank in charge of the monetary policy. The main purpose of central bank independence is primarily to protect interest rate choices from interference from the government in the belief that, due to imperfections in the electoral process, governments face incentives to choose interest rates that are lower than would be consistent with the inflation target. Governments are interested in being popular and low rates are always more popular then high rates. It is often assumed that governments have a shorter time horizon than the society they serve. Therefore, they might be tempted to hold down interest rates to stimulate spending ahead of an election, disregarding the longer-term potential consequence of inflation. Another incentive for governments to lower inflation is that inflation helps the governments budget. When price levels rise, the demand to hold currency also rises, so inflation provides governments with extra seigneurage (the income from issuing currency). Inflation also reduces the real value of government debts. But for this to be beneficiary, inflation expectations must be low when the government borrows by selling its fixed-interest long-term bonds. On the other hand if high inflation was expected, long-term interest rates would also be higher to reflect this. Thus the ideal short-term behavior f or a government that wishes to finance its debts most cheaply is to induce the belief that there will be low inflation so that it can borrow cheaply, then to cheat by allowing some inflation to write down the real value of its debts. This incentive is strong for those governments with large national debts, for whom debt interest forms a substantial part of expenditure. A further justification for central bank independence is that it is supposed to give credibility to monetary policy. People know about the incentives that the government faces, so if the government is responsible for day-to-day interest rate decisions, there is the suspicion that it will be tempted to set them too low. If there is high inflation, people will expect high inflation to continue and they will doubt any promises by the government that it will strive for low inflation. However, if there is an independent central bank that is immune to the incentives that tempt the government, people will believe that it will genuinely try to meet its inflation target. On the other hand, Muscatelli notes, some problems may arise when monetary policy is delegated to an independent central bank, especially when the central banks preferences are uncertain. Two conclusions emerge from his theoretical analysis: First, in countries where there is a low degree of agreement over the relative merits of maintaining low inflation as opposed to stabilising output and employment, the central bank may have very different preferences from those of the average voter. This means that an unelected central bank may have different aims from those of an elected government. The result is a degree of inflation control and output stabilisation that is unacceptable from societys point of view. A natural implication is that central bank independence cannot be imposed when there are sharp divisions in society over the relative merits of low inflation and stabilisation policy. This explains why independent central banks have emerged in countries where there is a stronger consensus on the costs of inflation (such as Germany and the United States). The second key conclusion is that, when an independent central bank does turn out to be desirable from societys point of view, mechanisms have to be put in place to make the central bank accountable. Examples include setting specific inflation targets for the central bank to meet, and the use of contracts where central banks are penalised for poor performance. But uncertainty in the central banks desired economic objectives means that it is difficult to design such targets and contracts. There is also the argument that full central bank independence has the disadvantage of severing co-ordination between monetary and fiscal policy. The government can engage in expansionary fiscal policy without regard for the inflationary consequences because the central bank is responsible for inflation control and can take the blame. Muscatelli argues a mechanism to reduce the distortion from the existence of uncertain central bank preferences is to grant the independent central bank goal independence: the central bank should be allowed to set and announce its own inflation targets. He shows that the central bank has an incentive to reveal its preferences through setting the inflation target. Accountability may then be achieved through full independence. Arguably, economies where the central bank has operational independence but not goal independence (such as the UK, Canada and New Zealand) may not be reaping the full benefits of central bank independence. We can illustrate this using the diagram below which shows the corresponding countries independent bank plotted against the average inflation for the period 1955 to 1988. We can mathematically show that high levels of independence can lead to lower levels of inflation. This would therefore lead to a more credible entity controlling the monetary policy. Firstly, we start with the gov ernment and give them the sole responsibility of implementing the monetary policy; We represent the government loss function as follows: Lg = ?2t + Bg(yt -y*)2with respect ?, where yt = ?t ?et + ?t The term ?t represents a white noise error term which is normally distributed with a zero mean and a constant variance. The terms ?t and ?et represent the inflation rate and the expected inflation, respectively. The term y* is a time-invariant output target whilst (yt -y*) represents the output gap. The parameter Bg characterises the government preference regarding the tradeoffs between inflation and output. Private actors know their long term contractual decisions and particularly their inflation targets will be built into these decisions, this will affect government inflation policies subsequently. They know, in particular, that the government will solve for the inflation outcome that is minimisation of equation (1); After taking expectations, solving for expected inflation and substituting the expression for expected inflation back into (3) the problem yields the following; ?t = BGY* ? BgY* is the inflationary bias which is the amount of extra inflation generated by the inability of the government to credibly commit to its announced inflation policy. We now do the same but designate the central bank in charge of the monetary policy. In order to do this we generate the central banks loss function which is as follows; Lcb = (1 +) ?2t + Cb(yt -y*)2 The central bank will choose ?t that will minimise the social loss equation (5) subject to the output constraint equation (2) taking ?e as given. Under rational expectations; ()Y* ()ut ()Y* measures the inflationary bias Therefore, ()Y* BgY* (this assumes that ? 0 and ? 0) From this we can conclude that inflationary bias from an independent central bank will be smaller than the inflationary bias produced by the government. Meaning the extra inflation produced by the central bank will be smaller than the inflation produced by the government. In conclusion the argument follows whether or not central banks should be designated the role of the monetary policy one suggestion is that the central bank may not pursue the necessary targets and therefore will not act in favour of the public. However, this arrangement does seem to have worked in achieving and maintaining low inflation in developed Western economies. Germany and Switzerland are believed to have had the most independent central banks since the last war and also the best records of inflation control. The evidence also suggests that inflation is negatively correlated with independence which has be come widely accepted as the norm, which further cements our thoughts that credibility can be enhanced by delegating the central bank in charge of the monetary policy. Bibliography Mankiw, N., Macroeconomics (5th ed.), Worth Publishers, 2003, ISBN: 0-7167-5237-9 Alesina, A., Summers, L. â€Å" Central Bank Independence and Macroeconomic Performance†. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking(1993): 151-162. Panagiotidis, Theodore, and Afroditi Triampella. Central Bank Independence and Inflation: the Case of Greece. (2002). Haan, Jakob, Helge Berger, and Erik Fraassen. How to Reduce Inflation: an Independent Central Bank or Currency Board? the Evidence of Baltic Countries. Emerging Markets Review (2001): 218-243. Hayo, Beranard, and Voigt, Stefan. â€Å"Inflation, Central Bank Independence and the Legal System†(2004). Maloney, John. â€Å"Let the Bank of England chose the inflation Target.† Economic Journal (2003). Stasavage, David and Keefer, P hilip. â€Å"The limits of delegation : veto players, central bank independence, and the credibility of monetary policy.† American political science review, 97 (3) (2003): 407-423. Fawcett, Nick. British and European Union Inflation. Tutor2u. 01 Dec. 2007 https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/inflation/uk_inflation_record.htm. King, Mervyn. How Should Central Banks Reduce Inflation? Conceptual Issues. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City (1996). What are the Main Difficulties the Central Bank Might Encounter in Attempting to Reduce the Rate of Inflation? Economics Help. 2 Dec. 2007 https://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/macroessays/difficulties-controlling-inflation.html. Thoma, Mark. Limits to Central Bank Independence. Economists View. 19 Nov. 2005. 02 Dec. 2007 https://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2005/11/limits_to_centr.html. Rogoff, Kenneth. The Myth of Central Banks and Inflation. FT.Com. 29 Aug. 2006. 01 Dec. 2007 https://www .ft.com/cms/s/0/ff05c5b6-3783-11db-bc01-0000779e2340.html?nclick_check=1.

An Ideal Holiday. Free Essays

After a long period of working, person decides to have an ideal holiday, which needs little arrangement. About myself I have different ways to decide how to spend my holiday. First of all, I will try to travel with my family abroad to any country. We will write a custom essay sample on An Ideal Holiday. or any similar topic only for you Order Now A country that we haven’t traveled to before. Another thing I should put in mind is to look for a country that has a nice cold weather. And most important, I will be looking for a country which is safe and secure to me and my family. Second, I will try to spend my holiday inside the other cities in my country. I will try to choose different places in the UAE, such as Al-Ain, Khorfakan, Hatta, Fujairah, Sharjah and Ras Al-Khaimah. I will try to spend three to four days in each place, where I can visit the most attractive parks, beaches, museums, mountains and restaurants. Thirdly, if I couldn’t travel abroad or I couldn’t spend it in other places outside my city I will plan to spend my holiday in the same city I am living in. This is by looking in the news papers, internet or Television about the different activities and events held in the different places in my city to be able to reach them easily. Finally, I believe if everyone tried to think in this way to choose his/her holiday, they will be successful in choosing the ideal holiday and therefore it will be the most interesting moments in life. This is because you will be spending your holiday in something that is arranged and at the same time interesting. How to cite An Ideal Holiday., Papers

Macbeth Tragic Hero Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Tragic Hero Macbeth is, in all ways, a tragic hero. His greatness led to his obsession and then to his shocking, yet inevitable, downfall. The play thoroughly illustrates his rise and fall through a tragic story of man versus himself. At the beginning, the reader sees a man with a conscience and a mind. But after the turn of many events and Macbeth's constant fear of being caught, he becomes weak. Macbeth is extremely passionate about becoming king. In the first act, his motivation comes mostly from his wife. However, after he is king his determination to keep the title changes to an obsession. Because of this, hi greatness turns against him and his passionate nature causes him to become out of control. Macbeth creates walls around himself. He uses the witches prophecies and Lady Macbeth's reassurance to convince himself that he is oblivious to all. One example of this is when he says "But swords I smile at, weapons laugh to scorn/ Brandish'd by man that's of a woman born" (V.7.16-17) His deeply flawed judgement makes him vulnerable. The downfall of Macbeth's social estate and his personal self come simultaneously. We see foreshadowing when Lady Macbeth says "These deeds must not be thought/ After these ways; so, it will make us mad" (II.2.40-41) While he is going crazy others detect that he is evil. I grant him bloody Luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin That has a name (IV.3.70-73) One must be strong inside to be a leader and inspiration to others. When personal strength diminishes, onlookers can sense that, and lost respect and loyalty. Other characters are noticing Macbeth's corruption. "Not in the legions/ Of horrid hell can come a devil more damn'd/ In evils to top Macbeth" (IV.3.66-69) Though readers know how evil he is, they are sad to see him lose in the end. The reader becomes attached to Macbeth throughout the story. They know his weaknesses and his feelings. It is no surprise that shocked and upset are common emotions. In the moments before his death, Macbeth realizes what he has done wrong but is ready to move on from his tragic life. By the end of the play he is exhausted and welcomes relief. The only way he sees relief though is through death. But compared to a life of fear and deception, he readily accepts it. It is not until the end of the play that Macbeth realizes his mistakes. If he had it all to do over again, perhaps everything would have worked out. His passionate and obsessive nature prevent him from holding onto all he has worked for. He becomes the perfect model of a tragic hero. And it all makes for a good story and a good lesson in life.

Brain

Brain Introduction Through a recent approach done in the educational literature, brain based learning is associates with the structure and the relation of the functioning of the brain. The researchers of this approach have come up with principles concerning the brain and how it relates with learning (Kahveci Ay, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brain-Based Learning Principles and Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The values of brain based learning offers a theoretical framework for an efficient learning and the teaching process, providing the best conditions in which learning occurs in the brain. These principles guide the instructors to prepare and decide on the best learning surroundings, based in neurobiology (Ozden Gultekin, 2008). Brain-based learning illustrates the performance of the brain and considers the rules and regulations of the brain for meaningful learning. The most vital function of the b rain is to learn, which acts as any other part of the human organs. The brain has limitless capability for learning. Therefore, the functions of the brain are vital for the efficiency of learning. This means that in order to have effectual learning, the brain must be functioning well (Kahveci Ay, 2008). The instructors, who perform their duties in teamwork with the neurobiologists, combine their facts concerning the functions of the brain and they adapt them to the learning principles of the brain (Ozden Gultekin, 2008). Principles and strategies of brain-based learning One of the principles based on the brain learning suggests that effectual learning is only achievable trough practicing and taking into considerations the real life events. Through this, the brain will be more expressive and will uphold the processes in search of meaning and patterning (Ozden Gultekin, 2008). Research has shown that when the brain conveys its pattern making behavior, it will create coherency and t he meaning. When the learning activity associates with the physical experience, learning becomes efficient. In addition, an environment of total immersion in a multitude of complex interactive experiences makes learning possible. This comprises the traditional methods used in instructing and the analysis as part of the larger practices (Lackney, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research done concerning the brain reveals that association of the brain and emotions helps individuals to recall and remember the memories preserved in the central nervous system. The limbic system and the neo-mammalian brain happen to be the home place where emotions originate. The Sensory data relayed to the thalamus in the midbrain acts as a relay station to the sensory cortex (Lackney, 2011). The two organs that are integral to the learning procedure and the individuals’ capability to stay focused in their surroundings are the amygdala and hypothalamus. The emotional stimulus highly stimulates the interpretation of curriculum in both the student and the teacher. From this, two opportunity routes may happen, one involving the conscious brain, which comprises the prefrontal cortex and the other one including the shorter, faster route, which comprises of the amygdale (Rushton Juola, 2008). An environment that offers the students with choice and empowerment, enhanced by the usage of hands-on, differentiated instruction, permits the students to be responsible for their learning, thereby involving several parts of the brain. With such surroundings, there is a possibility of provision of aid in the thickening of the myelination sheaf, development of neurons and stimulation of serotonin and other neurochemicals, which enhances the child’s welfare. The development of the brain, supported by efficient teachers, encourages children to make new discoveries in stra tegized surroundings that enhance student autonomy (Rushton Juola, 2008). The brain friendly places are where the learning in the brain occurs, normally called the brain-based classrooms. These learning classrooms happen to be the perfect learning environments where the brain roles and responsibilities in learning occur in terms of training and learning procedures. In these classes, learners get submerged into difficult and stressful experiences. Most people assume that in the brain classrooms, learners are unique and the previous knowledge given to them acts as a baseline to new learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Brain-Based Learning Principles and Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Utilization of different strategies in learning is of paramount importance for it will enable the learner to feel safer in the learning surroundings and it will provide the learners with different explanations. This wil l also enrich learning and the educators will have wider knowledge for the learning process (Ozden Gultekin, 2008). To activate emotions and learning, the brain requires difficulties or a surrounding that creates stress. Generation of stress in the brain enhances a survival imperative. However, too much stress and anxiety hinders chances created for learning. On the other hand, too little stress makes the brain to be more relaxed and comfortable and this enhances easy learning. Relaxed alertness is a term that refers to the brain state for optimal learning. This means that as the designers and the instructors require creating opportunities that are not only secure to learn, they also flash some emotional interests through celebrations and performance of rituals (Lackney, 2011). Conclusion Brain-based learning is a perfect strategy for helping students in all levels enhances their learning capabilities. Pioneers of this learning strategy developed twelve basic principles of the brai n that helps in producing efficient learning. Brain-based learning also stresses the importance of exercising the brain as a major strategy of this approach. In addition, it utilizes the purpose of emotions and stressful circumstances, which help in the earning process. This approach also comprises of learning environments for instance brain-based classrooms where instructors and students engage in an interactive process. References Kahveci, A. Ay, S. (2008). Different Approaches –Common Implications: Brain-Based And Constructivist Learning From A Paradigms And Integral Model Perspective. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 5, 3, 124-129. Lackney, J.A. (2011). Twelve Design Principles Based on Brain-based Learning Research. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ozden, M. Gultekin, M. (2008).The Effects of Brain-Based Learning on Academic Achievement and Retention of Knowledge in Science Course. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 12, 1: 3-19. Rushton, S. Juola, A. (2008). Classroom Learning Environment, Brain Research and the No Child Left behind Initiative: 6 years later. Early Childhood Educational Journal, 36, 87-92.

Retire With Pay

Retire With Pay Fill your retirement years with golden opportunities. Freelance writing opportunities, that is. Apply what you learned from your past career field (or fields) advertising, graphic design, technology, education, health, etc.- to your advantage. As a retiree you are in a great position to not only write on the technical aspects of your previous job, but on your workplace experiences those insights you gained into personalities and office politics, for instance, as well as those skills or capabilities you picked up, multitasking, leadership, organization, photography, social-networking savvy, etc.  Ã‚   If you had your own business, share your secrets for success. How did you get started? Was the business a family affair? What marketing strategies did you use? If you were in a specialized trade, carpentry, electrician, master plumber, etc., write about some of the tools of the trade. Did you have any special licenses or certifications? Were you a licensed, certified animal control worker, for example? If you were, you most likely have enough on-the-job training to write about animal behavior and training. Take advantage of fellow retirees’ former careers. If you have a solid relationship with the former chief executive officer of an environmental waste company, ask him how his company went about obtaining government contracts or restoring contaminated sites.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One way to uncover good workplace technical, experience, and skill, topics is to ask yourself what it is that you would like to have known when you started your career or what you would have done better had you been in a position of authority.   Writing about your past career is not the only way to cash in, however. Consider copywriting/editing for said former workplace; who better than a former employee already familiar with the business, to edit those company newsletters, annual reports, marketing brochures and other company publications? Call your former boss and ask if he needs someone to pick up some of those jobs. I have a friend who, after retiring from his job as Site Safety Officer for an environmental company, continued to write manuals for them for on-site safety procedures. Likewise, if you were in business for yourself you can offer your services as a copywriter for other small business owners. Small businesses typically don’t have time to write a daily or weekly blog, and if a small business has a newsletter, it may also need someone knowledgeable to put together a professional piece.    A word of caution: If you are writing about the technical aspects of a previous career, you must be careful to stay within ethical boundaries of what is or isn’t permissible for you to write about. Also, if you’ve been away from your former career for a while, you may need to sharpen up your technical knowledge. It is doubtful that you would want to write an article on Five Easy Steps to Mastering Shorthand. Okay, that’s an exaggeration. But you get the point.    The same basic rules apply to writing about your past career as with any other kind of freelance writing. Mainly, you must be able to provide short feature articles covering specialized topics in your area or areas of expertise and be able to communicate that expertise to a specific audience. You also need to possess adequate marketing skills to discern a particular magazine’s exact needs. You don’t have to have a degree for the field you were in. Your on-the-job experiences are what are important.   The market for your articles in this category are wide open. You can submit to any number of consumer magazines (business, finance, health and fitness, inflight, retirement, etc.) and trade magazines (marketing and PR, electronics, energy, government, etc.) So sharpen up that pencil and get busy. Your retirement years can be your best years ever. Entrepreneur Magazine entrepreneur.com Pays $1 a word Horizon Edition Magazine alaskaairlinesmagazine.com/horizonedition/guidelines/contributor Pay starts at $450 for features; $100 for short pieces. E The Environmental Magazine emagazine.com/writers-guidelines Pays 30 cents a word.

Reading reflection 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading reflection 3 - Essay Example I agree with the author of the essay â€Å"Images of Women† in the sense that there truly are a number of reasons as to why these traditional roles for women continue to be perpetuated and exist today. Our culture and traditions as a people, which are documented in various ways such as the bible, have created and promoted the weaker sex version of women for as long as time has existed. For the strong willed and independent woman of today who sometimes have to deal with old school beliefs and traditionalists in the workplace, that has become a real challenge to overcome. I believe that the images of women as we see it today, can be directly connected to the modern feminist movement. Women as a gender have had decades of female empowerment stances to refer to and be influence by in their efforts to have themselves recognized as an equal to that of the male gender. The modern feminist keeps her femininity ate the forefront of her battle while also showing men that it is possible for a woman to have it all. The family, the career, the individual identity, and self-respect, are all elements that the previous promoters of the feminist movement have success fully managed to hand down to their counterparts from generation to generation, and generations to come. The agenda of woman's rights would not have been able to flourish without the support of the media, Bailey got that right. We all admit to and recognize the influence that various media have in our lives and point of view. Since the media has helped counter the effects of decades of female misconception by promoting them as equal to men in both ability and skill, men have come to learn to accept and respect women more as their equals rather than just being a gender in existence to serve their man, family, and society as members of a submissive gender. Struggling for the rights of a woman is directly related to the image that a woman carries of herself. But that image is oftentimes dictated by how society views them and their contributions on a larger scale. These days, women are at the forefront of most things related to our culture and traditions, so the mindset has changed in a significant way thus allowing for the emergence of a new image for women in the 21st century and beyond. Reflection on Kimmel's â€Å"Masculinity as Homophobia† When one hears the term â€Å"masculinity†, images of Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Sylvester Stallone, the like come to mind. They are the images of masculinity is today's world. These are the men who are emulated and admired by their fellow men because of who they are and what they have become. With those images in mind, it becomes easier to understand why the term â€Å"homophobia† cannot be used in the same sentence as masculinity. Yet Kimmel effectively does so in his essay. Just like Kimmel, I too have a personal belief that homophobia came to exist because of the way society viewed women as the weaker sex during significant eras of our history as a people. Men are looked upon unkindly when they prove to be weak at a certain gender based undertaking, or if they fail to accomplish a task that their counterparts could have completed as well. Homophobia is not a word that should only be used to define fear of a man who is attracted to the same gender. After reading the essay of Kimmel, I have come to understand that

Managing Financial Resources in the health and Social Care Essay

Managing Financial Resources in the health and Social Care - Essay Example They will also provide residential support, transition program, visual therapy, special needs education etc for young people and children. This organization also has to manage its financial resources to provide such kind of services consistently. There are few principles of costing which significantly exist in the financial management. Care Tech Holdings PLC has to follow and apply such principles in their costing activities. If they are unable to reduce the cost or to control the cost then they never will face the financially healthy situation within the organization. For this reason they cannot take better initiatives in their activities and cannot help more adults and children. These principles are generally helping any organization to plan their activities in a systematic way. Break even analysis is one of the important principles among the costing method (Brayley and McLean, 2008). By applying this method the organization can get information that at which level the company meet all its costs and expenditure and started to earn profit for further investment or expansion of business. This is generally indicating a point at which the company can recover all its fixed and variable expenses. Minimum cost analysis is another principle to control the business activities. It is generally based on the assumption and prediction before starting a business or before starting any new financial year or before taking any kind of new initiative by the organization. What will be the minimum fixed and variable cost that has to be analyzed and how much revenue can be generated from those particular business activities that also have to be analyzed. If the revenue will be higher than the anticipated cost then the initiative will be granted. This method is generally used as a guideline to operate activities in an efficient way. If the mentioned company will follow these principles then it will never face any kind losses and always can maintain

Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications and Forms

Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications and Forms 1 Wireless Sensor Network In this chapter, wireless sensor network (WSN) principles are being shortly introduced and discussed. In order to increase the level of understanding for analyzing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) systems it is useful to study the technology behind them the technologies which are presented in this section. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are distributed and independent sensors that are connected and worked together to measure quantities such as temperature, humidity, pressure, noise levels or vibrations [5]. WSNs can measure vehicular movement (velocity, location, etc.) and monitor conditions such as lightning condition, soil makeup and motion [5]. Nowadays, WSNs are utilized in many common applications such as vehicle applications. Some of vehicle applications are: vehicle tracking and detection, tire pressure monitoring, vehicle speed detection, vehicle direction indicator, traffic control, reversing aid sensors etc. Such applications can be divided in major categories such as safety, security, environment and logistics. To implement WSN in an application and have an efficient system, first we need to consider about WSN technology, components and communication topology and protocols. Therefore, first, in this chapter, basic information about WSN components, the communication devices and process unit of WSN will be described. Then, the chapter will be followed by a description of the WSN topologies and protocols emphasizing on mesh WSN technology with ZigBee Protocol. 1.1 Wireless Sensor Network component To provide comprehensive view of WSN hardware, understanding of WSN components structure is required. Wireless sensors are small microcontrollers equipped with wireless communication device and an energy supplier. The architecture of WSNs is illustrated in Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1 . As Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1 shows the components of WSNs are sensing unit, processing unit, power supplier and communication device. The sensing unit consists of sensors and Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs). ADCs are responsible for gathering the signals and converting them into digital signals data and transfer them through each other using network topology to the processor unit. In the sensing unit, each sensor is called an ‘end node and varies in size and cost. The mission of these multifunction sensor nodes are to sense, process data and collaborate with other nodes [8]. Wireless sensor network can be positioned in two ways, either using a complex technique with the large sensors far from the object or using several sensors with an engineered design on position and topology [5]. In addition, each node provided with a wireless communication transceiver as a communication component. In the process unit, the controller and small memory storage are responsible for managing the collaboration within the sensors to achieve the assigning task. In addition, the communication device with a transceiver makes the network connection. Above all, the essential component of WSN is the power unit, which supports the power for all units [5]. One of the unique characteristics of sensor networks is that they are equipped with an on-board processor. This feature enables them to locally process some simple computations and broadcast only necessary processed data [5]. Network communication is really complicated and needs years of study [8], but to be able to implement WSN, we need to know some basic primary concepts of communication technology such as; network topologies, network protocol and their standards and specifications. 1.2 Communication technology To cover technical aspects of WSN, network topology and network protocol studying is needed. This study will help to provide information about reliability, robustness, security and stability and of WSNs software aspect to answer the research questions RQ. 1 ,RQ. 2 and RQ. 3 . 1.2.1 Topologies in WSN Communication In network communication, the big issue is how data transfers through nodes and nodes interconnect with each other. Several basic network topologies may be used for transmitting to and receiving from a node. The Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) the standards organization of telecommunication industry explained the network topology as â€Å"The physical, real, logical or virtual arrangement of the nods/elements of a network† [9]. The topology shows the diameter and the number of nodes between any two nodes. Moreover how a data process and the data routing complexities are relied on the chosen topology. Consequently, some characteristics of a sensor networks such as latency, robustness and capacity are changed by their topology [10]. Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2 is a graphic mapping of networks topology which shows the links of one or more nodes and explains the physical topology of the network. Despite having the same topology, two networks can differ in transmission rates because of their physical interaction, signal types and distance between nodes [9]. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1 describes the different types of network topology. Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1 Topology TYPES [9]. Since Mesh topology is a main topic in the thesis, it is studied more in-depth in this section 1.2.1.1 Mesh Wireless Network Wireless mesh network is a term used when all wireless nodes are connected to each other within an ad-hoc multi-hob and mesh topology. In this network, any pair of nodes is able to communicate between each other within more than one path. In this network each node is used as a router to forward packets to the neighbor nodes which they have linked to. That means all nodes communicate directly or through other midway nodes without any manual configuration. Therefore, this network also called a self-configuration and self-organized network [11; 12]. As described in Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1, there are two types of mesh topology ‘Partially connected and ‘Fully connected (See Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ3). In a fully connected topology each node has the ability to communicate with all other nodes in the network and creates an interconnection links. By increasing the number of nodes in a mesh network, the number of links increases as well. On the other hand, in a partially connected topology, instead of direct interconnection between nodes, each node has two or more links to others to provide alternate routing and traffic balancing. Due to more links and indirect connections between nodes, traffic can flow through one or more router nodes to the destination [7] and create more reliable interconnections between nodes. Moreover, in partial network, the nodes are connected to either the node with higher rate of data transaction or the nearest neighbor node while in fully connected network all nodes have a direct links with each other. This multiple link path conducts a reliable communication. Therefore, whenever a connection fails or a node breaks down, the packages can automatically change their path by ‘jumping from a disconnected node. This is often called the self-healing of the network. This means that the networks connection stability and reliability are not essentially affected by node failures [11]. Due to the characteristics of wireless sensor network mesh, this network is self-configuring and self-organizing network in which each end-node is also used as a router (dual role- data originator /data router) to forward the signal packages all the way back of the main gateway. Therefore, due to the characteristics of mesh networks, this network is becoming one of the most implemented networks which able to have the flexible architecture for the network, easy self-configuration and robust fault tolerance connectivity [11; 12]. Additionally, the self-configuring characteristic of mesh WSN, bring the ability for the network to connect or disconnect nodes from the network. This brings the ability to grow/decrease the network by adding/removing nodes of a system. Mesh WSN has reliable self-healing and robust fault tolerance. This means if ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ a node fails or breaks down the signal packages jump from the disconnected node and automatically conducts a new path through the nearest node. However, the new path imposes re-routing and re-organizing to the network [5], which consumes too much power from the system. Therefore, having a power-aware protocol and algorithm is necessary for mesh network. ZigBee protocol is one of the protocols which provides this ability for WSN. 1.2.2 Protocols in WSN Communication WSN systems include variety of protocols for communication. Protocols need to program in different architectural layers. One of these architectural standard is OSI (Open System Interconnection) framework. In this session a brief introduction of each protocol and OSI are delineated. Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ4 shows the graphic overview of all wireless network technologies. This figure illustrated IEEE PAN/LAN/MAN technologies and clearly shows how these standards and protocols can be used in different conditions. For instance, 3G protocol is used to cover a long range of audio information in a wide area network (WAN) while for the same information in a short range and personal area network (PAN), Bluetooth is better. The standard conceptual rules set for data representation, data communication and error detection across two ends in telecommunication, are called communication protocols. These abstract rules represent in different layers of communication. There are different protocol stacks introducing different architectures for these layers such as AppleTalk, Distributed Systems Architecture (DSA), Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) and Open Systems Interconnect (ISO/OSI). Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5 (a) illustrates the different layers of an OSI Model and their functionalities. The OSI model has seven layers and each layer provides services for the upper layer and requests services from the lower layer. Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5 (b) shows the typical communication protocols layers. Each of these layers has to deal with different issues regarding the communication procedure. As the typical protocol stack model shows in Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5 the communication protocols should implement all layers from bottom to top. In addition, a management protocol needs to be applied in each layer to manage power efficiency, robust connectivity and connection reliability (see: Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5 b). Below, rules and functionality for each layer are described: * Physical layer: is responsible for signal processing and physical interface connectivity between a device and physical medium and used bit stream in its data unit. It acted as communication channel for sensing and actuation in cost-efficient and reliable manner. Some examples of this layer are: IEEE 802.11b/g Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee, etc. [7] * Data link layer: provides functionality toward channel sharing, Medium Access Control (MAC-Layer), timing (e.g. data time arrival), local link and capacity. It is responsible for detecting and correcting the data errors in physical layer and control the locality data comparison. It follows the protocols such as point-to-point protocol (PPP) and IEEE 802 Local Link Control (LLC). [7] * Network layer: is responsible for network routing functionality, network security, energy and power efficiency and reliability of the communication. It includes the network topology management and manages the information and detects errors in data transfer from router to router. A number of protocols is address in this layer such as: Internet protocol (IP), Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol and etc. [7]. * Transport layer: provides end-to-end transportation (distributing and gathering) of data between end users. It includes storage and responds for caching and controlling the data to recover them back to the initial message that has been sent. Best-known protocols for this layer are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) [7]. * Upper layers: The Upper Layers are responsible for application processing, external query processing and etc. Upper layers include presentation layer session layer and application layer [7]. The summary of these standards and protocols are shown in Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ6 Among all the standard and protocols, IEEE PAN/LAN/MAN technologies are the ones applied in the majority of commercialWSNs to support physical layer and link-data layer signal transmission. As SOHRABY and ZNATI (2007) mentioned, the most common best-known protocols are:† (1) the IEEE 802.15.1 (also known as Bluetooth); (2) the IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n series of wireless LANs; (3) the IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee); (4) the MAN-scope IEEE 802.16 (also known as WiMax); and (5) radio-frequency identification (RFID) tagging† [7]. Each of these protocols has their own benefits and constraints. The comparisons between IEEE technologies are mentioned in Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2. As Table 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2 shows the IEEE 802.15.4 standard provides data rate of 20 to 250 kbps and operates in the 2.4-GHz ISM band. This standard covers signals in range of 10 m and requires the lowest power among other IEEE class. While IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n transmits the data in the rate of 54 Mbps ideal for wi reless internet connections and operates in the 2.4-GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) radio band as well as the 5-GHz ISM / 5-GHz U-NII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) radio band. However, it requires much higher power consumption than IEEE 802.15 [7]. Recently, researchers put much effort to develop â€Å"a cost-effective standards-based wireless networking solution that supports low-to medium data rates, has low power consumption, and guarantees security and reliability† [7]. ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies which aims to provide such a standard for WSN consumers. Their mission is to have a simple, reliable, low-cost, low-power and standards-based wireless platform 1.2.2.1 ZigBee standard The ZigBee standard builds on IEEE 802.15.4 and is suitable for remote monitoring and controlling applications. Although it has lower-data-rates than the other standards, its reliability, security, long life battery with less complexity mechanism make it ideal for building automation in industrial network applications. The architecture of the ZigBee stack is established on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. The IEEE 802.15.4 defines the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sub-layer and In addition, ZigBee Alliance defines other functionalities for upper layers [7]. Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ7 is a graphic overview of ZigBee protocol stack and shows the responsibility areas of IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee Alliance platform and users applications [7]. This picture also shows the basic functionality of each layer. The data transmission service is provided by PHY layer and the protocol in this layer enables the connection between data units and the physical radio channel. ZigBee provides three different frequency band options for PHY layer. First, the transmission data-rate of 250kbps in 16 channels at 2.45GHz (Global) frequency. Second, with 40Kbps in 10 channels at 915MHz (Americas). And the last one, with 20kbps in 1 channel at 868MHz (Europe). The higher data-rate causes a higher order in modulation design and the lower frequency cause a larger cover area and better sensitivity. Depending on the power output, the transmission distance rate can change from 1 to 100 meters. (For more detail information see: Table 7à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1 in Appendix A) ZigBee WSN has the ability to have static or dynamic network/component with either star or mesh topology and it has three types of nodes: a ZigBee Coordinator (ZC), ZigBee Routers (ZR), and ZigBee End-Devices (ZED). In order to have a communication protocol and physical connection both PHY layer and MAC sub-layers of the architecture should be defined upon agreement between server and clients. These layers require manual administrative procedures setting for server/client gateway. The next three levels namely: the network layer, security protocol and transport layer are defined by ZigBee alliance platform automatically. The last layer, application layer, has to interact with the user-interface and other applications; it ought to be programmed with high-level language so that integration with any existing devices applications becomes more conveniently practical. The ZigBee stack in gateway is responsible for all the network functionality such as network process management, authentication of the joined nodes, binding nodes and routing the messages throughout the network. ZigBee stack as a standard protocol, has clusters and libraries for improving the implementation process, therefore, using ZigBee compare to other protocols makes the system (including both hardware and software) development process much faster and easier. On the other hand, such standardisation provides easiness of adopt with third party sensors regardless of manufacturer, which might be attached to the network later. 2 Software Aspects To address the research question regarding the reliability, robustness, and security of any WSN application, it is essential to investigate the software architecture of that network. For convenience in description of the architecture of a WSN application, it is divided into three segments: Physical devices (such as lamps, sensors, nodes), Communication Protocol (terminals and servers, bridge, switch, network topology and standard) and Carried Information (application, functions, etc.). Any attempts to retain a precise design on software architecture for each part will cause an effective data transmission, which ensures reliability and security of the system [7]. Hence achieving any desired data transmission precision level in a WSN, network management (NM) techniques are applicable. Such techniques assist in network status monitoring, reliability and security amendment, and cooperation supervision between components [7]. NM techniques could also detect and resolve network faults in addition to restoring the system respectively [7]. In practice, designing WSN application necessitates tailoring NM techniques for each architectural segment. Various NM techniques regarding each segment are summarized as follows [7; 12; 5]: a) Physical architecture: Sensing and processing management, operation and administration, fault tolerance, maintenance, energy efficiency management, configuration management, performance management, security management, network element management. b) Communication architecture: Network management, networking protocols, network topology, function management, monitoring functions, fault management, performance management, security management, service management and communication, maintenance management, network configuration and organization, network behavior, data delivery model, sensor mobility, naming and localization, sensing coverage area, communication coverage area energy efficiency management c) Information architecture: Real-time information management, mapping management, service management, analyze information, control application, business application management report management, sending and receiving commands or response, naming, localization, maintenance, fault tolerance Aforementioned NM techniques enhance quality of the system. According to ISO 9126-1 software quality model Table 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1 [13; 14; 15], the quality characteristics of a system could be divided into six fundamental properties: functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. According to the same documentation, these characteristics are broken to sub-characteristics such as suitability, security, maturity, fault tolerance, adaptability, analyzability, stability, testability and so on [13]. However, focusing on all subcategories collectively exceeds the time horizon of this research, from this stance three dimensions namely reliability, robustness and security are brought into attention. This section will be divided to two subsections describing the architecture issues and NM techniques for (1) Reliability and Robustness, (2) Security, of WSN and other characteristics is relegated to future studies. 2.1 Reliability and Robustness In WSNs context, the probability that a network functions properly and aggregates trustworthy data without any interruption continuously, is usually referred to as reliability characteristic of the network [23; 20]. According to ISO 9126-1 software quality documentation, reliability characteristic shows the capability of a network to maintain or re-built (re-start) the service in certain period of time [13]. So, it is important that during long sensing, the network has to service up continuously. Reliable service of a network includes precise and proper sensing, delivering and sending acceptable data to the base station. In other words as Taherkordi et al. (2006) put: â€Å"The less loss of interested data, leads us to higher reliability of a system†. Systematic approach perceives reliability as probability of data delivery to the base station rather than point-to-point reliability [16]. Robustness defined by Sohraby et al. (2007) as: â€Å"a combination of reliability, availability, and dependability requirements†, reflects the degree of the protocol insensitivity to errors and misinformation†. Achieving system robustness in WSN, necessitates system capability to detect, tolerate and confine errors as well as reconfigure and restart the network respectively [7]. According to the given definition by Sohraby et al. (2007), it is apprehensible that reliability and robustness share commonalities with each other; this is the main rational behind discussing these two attributes together in this section [7]. Considering the nature of communication in WSN, a network is unpredictable and prone to fail caused by any physical damages in hardware devices, energy depletion, communication link error, information collapses in packages and etc. [17; 16]. Therefore, one of the critical issues in design phase of WSN is applying fault tolerance techniques to optimize the network so that reliability and robustness attained [17]. These techniques enable the network to withstand and recover any upcoming failure and restart operation [13]. Liu et al. (2009) categorized fault tolerance techniques into: node placement, topology control, target and event detection, data gathering and aggregation, and sensor surveillance. Reminding from the beginning of this chapter architecture design divided into three segments. Table 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2 depicted a summary of the plausible related faults and their solutions in each segment. In the following, each aforementioned fault tolerance techniques are being discussed in each design segment. Table 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2 The most probable fault and their fault tolerance solutions in WSN [17; 7; 18] 2.1.1 Reliability and Robustness of Physical Architecture: Fault: any physical interruption in sensor surveillance Solution: Node placement management and signal-effect management First item that should be considered in designing physical components architecture for reliability and Robustness is: physical placement and signal-effect management. As it is mentioned in section 3, although the mesh network communication is self-organize topology and does not need any manual configuration to bind the network for mobile sensors, the physical architecture and the location schema of the hardware components, sensors and gateways need to be designed carefully [7]. As a characteristic of mesh WSN, the sensors in network are free of any installation restrictions, even though, the placement should be far from any physical destruction or hostile locations. Inappropriate physical placement of sensor transmitters and gateway antenna can cause noise or significant lost in signals [7]. In addition, the signal coverage is decayed by surrounding objects and materials such as metal wall and the like. (E.g. exterior wooden, concrete, brick or gypsum frame, block or wall). Especially in the case of vehicles, the main body can impose such problem and henceforth installation of the sensors in this manner would be delicate. Moreover, the signal waves might be faded and affected during the transmission, due to various physical phenomena such as reflection, diffraction or scattering [7]. These effects would cause significant interruption in sensor surveillance. Therefore, it is important to manage these signal-effects in early stage of WSN physical architecture design. Reflection occurs when electromagnetic wave of signals is duplicated due to impinge of the wave on large object or surface such as walls, buildings and the Earth [7]. Therefore, all the reflection of the walls and also the Earth should be acknowledged in physical architecture design. Diffraction refers to any defection and obstruction in waves caused by irregular sharp edges during the data transmission between the transmitter and receiver [7]. In this case, designers have to be prudent in sensors placements in the proximity of sharp edges and corner angels. Scattering refers to any deviation from straight line. Environmental obstacles in the propagation path affect passing waves from their original structure. Even small irregular object such as street signs, and lampposts might encounter and scatter the wave. Hence WSN should be design to face with any irregular scattering during the wave transmission. Above all, the mobility of sensors and surrounding objects might fade the signals and add noises that should be considered in architecture design [7]. These issues are the basic physical factors, which cause major fault in data aggregation of WSN and cut down reliability and robustness. These destructive signals need to be subtracted from the received signal paths [7] before sending the data to gateway. Therefore, reflection, diffraction and scattering should be considered not only by designers in the physical components placements, but also by programmers in network development. Fault: Sensors failure Solution: Hardware replacement The next issue that needs to be considered in designing the physical architecture of a WSN is hardware failure. Sensors energy suppliers or any damages to the sensors and/or their transmitters are the sources of hardware failure. Regardless of source of failure, the WSN must be capable of functioning as well as replacing and switching sensors when necessary. Additionally, any changes in the physical components, on one hand, needs an explicit and well-defied consideration on security issue to prevent any potential threats, and on the other hand, needs an adaptable and configurable communication connection network [18]. 2.1.2 Reliability and Robustness of Communication Architecture Fault: communication link errors Solution:Topology control and event detection , Replicated services in communication model, Communication link error is an important concern in dealing with reliability and robustness of a network in communication architecture. The sensors in WSN are prone to fail and make link errors in point-to-point reliability of communication protocol. Therefore, it is the network topology responsibility to detect the errors and guarantee the overall reliability of the syste

Fastest Way To Cool A Soda

The fastest way to cool a soda deals a lot with heat transfer. Heat is a measure of the average molecular motion of matter and can be transferred from one piece of matter to another in four different ways which are conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. (Tania Dakka) In the experiment the different levels of the independent variable include a cooler with ice, another with ice and water, one with water ice and salt, the refrigerator, and the freezer.Prior research has been done on this subject by Andrew Olson who has a Ph. D and tested with the refrigerator and freezer. From earlier researchers, facts show that in both the freezer and refrigerator, cold air is removing heat from the room-temperature soda can by convection. Convection is the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which results in transfer of heat.  (Weather Questions)In this ex periment, when immersing a can of soda in a cold liquid, it is okay to expect that a much greater number of molecular interactions would result and data would show whether the soda will cool off faster. In the experiment the dependent variable is the the temperature of the soda over different periods of time. We plan on taking the temperature (C ) of the soda in each of the different independent variables after 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes.Also, the salt in the salt water, lowers the freezing point of the water, allowing the ice in the ice bath to melt while still retaining its temperature. (Education) This makes the chilly water in the ice bath even colder. By conducting the experiment the heat should transfer from the soda to one of the levels of the independent variable and the data should help support convection in hope to learn which one is the fastest way to cool the soda. Fastest Way to Cool a Soda The fastest way to cool a soda deals a lot with heat transfer. Heat is a measure of the average molecular motion of matter and can be transferred from one piece of matter to another in four different ways which are conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. (Tania Dakka) In the experiment the different levels of the independent variable include a cooler with ice, another with ice and water, one with water ice and salt, the refrigerator, and the freezer.Prior research has been done on this subject by Andrew Olson who has a Ph. D and tested with the refrigerator and freezer. From earlier researchers, facts show that in both the freezer and refrigerator, cold air is removing heat from the room-temperature soda can by convection. Convection is the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which results in transfer of heat.  (Weather Questions)In this ex periment, when immersing a can of soda in a cold liquid, it is okay to expect that a much greater number of molecular interactions would result and data would show whether the soda will cool off faster. In the experiment the dependent variable is the the temperature of the soda over different periods of time. We plan on taking the temperature (C ) of the soda in each of the different independent variables after 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes.Also, the salt in the salt water, lowers the freezing point of the water, allowing the ice in the ice bath to melt while still retaining its temperature. (Education) This makes the chilly water in the ice bath even colder. By conducting the experiment the heat should transfer from the soda to one of the levels of the independent variable and the data should help support convection in hope to learn which one is the fastest way to cool the soda.

The Pain of Essay Samples on Themes

The Pain of Essay Samples on Themes The 5-Minute Rule for Essay Samples on Themes It's very beneficial to take writing apart to be able to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Regardless of what's the aim of your essay, there's a preset number of points you will be expected to deal with. A conclusion is, without a doubt, the most essential portion of the argumentative essay since you can either support the great impression or destroy it entirely. The end of the poem can be observed with regard to the maturation of the human brain with the coming of science. The Definitive Approach to Essay Samples on Themes Starting a theme essay with a superior hook will enable you to capture your readers attention. Men and women have a tendency to pick out a variety of themes of who they are and attempt to describe all of them. There are lots of major themes within this story of Anne Frank. You have to want to or even should explore that distinct theme for you to continue writing. Our professionals are among the finest in the current market, and they can help you compose the perfect essay that exceeds all of your academic expectations. Such a situation in the marketplace is anticipated, for each business has to earn money. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. There's no topic too tough for our experts. When doing this, you'll acquire an unbelievable knowledge in writing. English language classes usually demand a lot of writing. Irrespective of your choice, it has to serve the objective of grabbing the interest of your readers. Most students attempt to prevent poetry. Persuasive writing can be challenging, especially whenever you're made to face with a close-minded audience. Anyway, poetry is critical for all literature classes, and that means you can't avoid it. Writing should permit the writer to express his or herself in the very best way possible. Our writers are specially vetted and trained to make certain they work diligently to fulfill all your requirements. Everybody is affected by love in their own ways. The quotes show the point you're making at that moment. A superb hook sentence is intended to grab your readers attention. The total function of the poem is to reflect how people weren't prepared to accept the things as it is and they were attempting to know the reason for their existence. Essay Samples on Themes - the Story A common way of writing this kind of essay is the five-paragraph strategy. Ensure it is snazzy so that your reader is interested in what you've got to say! The author starts with a rather thorough story of an event or description of an individual or place. In accord with this, you can select from our collection of private essay templates that will allow you to sort out and organize your thoughts. Do not become stuck with material possessions and what you've achieved in life. Odysseus is passionate about the topic of guest treatment and generosity. For instance the illustration of Gold is provided for the vanity of wealth. Hence the poem conveys the thought of the value of nature to human being and why it's always best to synchronize with this. A good deal of children life painfully due to the war and poverty. There are lots of ways Human's use movement in their everyday lives. In addition, there are two varieties of places. Consequently, most students complain of a feeling of disconnection from poetry. When Phoebe claims that she's not likely to return to school, Holden insists that she has to. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple littl e things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. Your paper must incorporate all key elements of an excellent essay. It is essential that we shine in the duration of our essay. You will find out more about what an essay is, what its goal is, and the way you can successfully accomplish it. You are going to be able to review a sample essay.

Psychiatric Evaluation and Diagnosis of Virginia Woolf

I have chosen to write about Virginia Woolf, a British novelist who wrote A Room of One’s Own, To the Lighthouse and Orlando, to name a few of her pieces of work. Virginia Woolf was my first introduction to feminist type books. I chose Woolf because she is a fantastic writer and one of my favorites as well. Her unique style of writing, which came to be known as stream-of-consciousness, was influenced by the symptoms she experienced through her bipolar disorder. Many people have heard the word bipolar, but do not realize its full implications. People who know someone with this disorder might understand their irregular behavior as a character flaw, not realizing that people with bipolar mental illness do not have control over their moods.†¦show more content†¦2004). A person may have bipolar if they have had episodes of depression as well as mania, without taking any substances that may trigger these symptons. This paper will focused mostly on Bipolar II since Virginia Woolf would b diagnosed with it if she were alive today. Bipolar II entails having recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes. Means that most of the time the person will be depressed and not as likely to have manic episode even though they tend to happen. When manic episodes happen with depressive disorders, more often or stronger, then it is a bipolar I diagnosis. In bipolar II the symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (DSM-IV TR). Severe episodes of depression, but episodes of mania are milder and are known as hypomania. Hypomania is the same symptoms as in mania, except not as severe. Typically periods of symptoms are separated by periods that are symptom free. However, with increasing age or without treatment, the amount of time a patient has symptoms increases and the symptom free time decreases (Kupfer, 2004). Some people could make the error of assuming that bipolar II disorder is less severe than bipolar I disorder because hypomaniac episodes can happen without any distress or impairment. However, this disorder can have the mostShow MoreRelatedEssay on Depression2581 Words   |  11 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people today do not think that depression is an illness. In fact most people think that depression is a moral failure. â€Å"Some 400,000 patients are treated for depression in the United States annually, most as outpatients and most by non-psychiatric physicians† (Hollister, Leo E 80). In 1989, major depression cost the nation at least $27 billion in medical care, worker absenteeism, and related costs. In 2002, â€Å"as many as 14 million people in the United States had symptoms of depression, resulting